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High-Speed Signal Propagation: Advanced Black Magic brings together state-of-the-art techniques for building digital devices that can transmit faster and farther than ever before. Dr. Howard Johnson presents brand-new examples and design guidance, and a complete, unified theory of signal propagation for all metallic media. Coverage includes: understanding signal impairments; managing speed/distance tradeoffs; differential signaling; inter-cabinet connections; clock distribution; simulation, and much more.
- Sales Rank: #817467 in Books
- Published on: 2003-03-06
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.20" h x 1.80" w x 7.10" l, 3.05 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 800 pages
From the Back Cover
Raves for Dr. Johnson's previous classic, High-Speed Digital Design!
"....one of the finest efforts to come along in the field of applied high-speed digital design because of its focus on providing tools for the whole design team bringing a high-speed product to life. For all the PCB designers and circuit designers out there, buy it; read it; keep it." -- Dan Baumgartner, Printed Circuit Design
Faster and farther: State-of-the-art signal transmission techniques
In High-Speed Signal Propagation, Howard Johnson and Martin Graham bring together state-of-the-art techniques for building digital interconnections that can transmit faster, farther, and more efficiently than ever before. Packed with new examples and never-before-published high-speed design guidance, this book offers a complete and unified theory of signal propagation for all metallic media, from cables to pcb traces to chips. Coverage includes:
- Managing tradeoffs between speed and distance
- Physical theory of signal impairments: skin and proximity effects, dielectric loss, surface roughness, and non-TEM mode propagation
- Generalized frequency- and step-response models
- Calculation of time-domain waveforms from frequency-domain transfer functions
- Differential signaling: Edge-coupled and broadside-coupled differential pairs, bends, intra-pair skew, differential trace geometry impedance, crosstalk, and radiation
- Inter-cabinet connections: Coax, twisted-pair, fiber, equalizers, and LAN building wiring
- Clock distribution: Special requirements, repeaters, multi-drop clock distribution, jitter, and power filtering
- Simulation: Frequency domain simulation methods, Spice, and IBIS
About the Author
DR. HOWARD JOHNSON has accumulated 30years of experience in digital design, consulting withengineers all over the world. He is the featuredSignal Integrity columnist for EDN Magazine andChief Technical Editor of IEEE—02.3 standards for FastEthernet and Gigabit Ethernet. He frequently conductstechnical workshops for digital engineers at OxfordUniversity and other sites worldwide: www.sigcon.com.
DR. MARTIN GRAHAM is Professor Emeritus ofElectrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at theUniversity of California at Berkeley. He specializes inteaching the design of reliable and manufacturableelectronic systems.
Excerpt. � Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
P R E F A C E NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR
Welcome, and thank you for your interest in High-Speed Signal Propagation: AdvancedBlack Magic. This is an advanced-level reference text for experienced digital designers whowant to press their designs to the upper limits of speed and distance.If you need to transmit faster and further than ever before, this book is here to help.You'll find it packed with practical advice.
The material in this book has been honed during my many years of work as chieftechnical editor of standards for both Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet—projects which, Ihope, have touched your life in a favorable way. During those and many other projects, themodels and concepts described here have been of invaluable service to me. Now I'd like topass them on to you.
When you are done reading, share your knowledge with those around you as mytechnical mentor, Martin Graham, has done with me. Educate your coworkers. Educate yourmanagement. Above all, continue to educate yourself. If this book inspires you to advanceyour understanding with even one laboratory measurement, then I will know you are on theright track.
I would also like to say it has been a great pleasure teaching and working with manyof you through my classes and lectures. Above all, I appreciate those who take the time toshare with me their thoughts, their concerns, their dreams, and their problems. It alwaysinterests me to hear about real experiences from real engineers.I wish you the best of luck on your next design.
See you on the Internet,
Dr. Howard Johnson
www.sigcon.com
TOPICS COVERED
Printed circuit traces:Limits to attainable speed and distanceRC and LC mode propagationSkin effect and dielectric loss design charts and equationsProximity effectSurface roughnessNon-TEM mode of propagationStep responseEffect of vias
Differentialsignaling:Edge-coupled and broadside-coupled differential pairsEffect of bendsIntrapair skewDifferential trace geometry impedanceCrosstalkRadiation
Inter-cabinetconnections:Coaxial cablesTwisted-pair cablesFiber opticsEqualizersGeneral building wiring for LAN applications
Clock distribution:Special requirements for clocksClock repeatersMultidrop clock distributionClock jitterPower filtering for clock sources
Simulation:Frequency-domain simulation methodApplicability of Spice and IBIS
HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED
Each chapter in this book treats a specialized topic having to do with high-speed signalpropagation. They may be studied in any order.
Chapters 1 and 2 present the underlying physical theory of various transmission-lineparameters, including the skin effect, proximity effect, dielectric loss, and surfaceroughness.
Chapter 3 develops a generalized frequency-response model common to all conductivemedia.
Chapter 4 outlines the calculation of time-domain waveforms from frequency-domaintransfer functions.
Chapters 5 through 11 discuss specific transmission media, including single-ended pcbtraces, differential media, general building wiring standards, unshielded twisted-pair wiring,150- shielded twisted-pair wiring, coaxial cables, and fiber.
Chapter 12 addresses miscellaneous issues concerning clock distribution.
Chapter 13 explores the limitations of Spice and IBIS simulation methods.
PREREQUISITESA basic understanding of the frequency domain representation of linear systems is assumed.Readers without the benefit of formal training in analog circuit theory can use and apply theformulas and examples in this book. Readers who have completed a first-year class inintroductory linear circuit theory will comprehend the material at a deeper level.RELATION TO PRIOR BOOKS
This book is a companion to the original book by Johnson and Graham, High-Speed DigitalDesign: A Handbook of Black Magic, Prentice-Hall, 1993. The two books may be usedseparately or together. They cover different material.
The original book deals with a broad spectrum of high-speed phenomena. It builds asolid understanding of ringing, crosstalk, ground bounce, and power supply noise as theyexist on printed circuit boards. It emphasizes basic circuit configurations where these effectsmay be easily understood and learned. It treats supplementary subjects including chippackages, oscilloscope probe, and power systems for high-speed digital products.
This High-Speed Signal Propagation book is more highly specialized, delving intoissues relevant to transmission at the upper limits of speed and distance. If you need totransmit faster and further than ever before, this book shows you how.
High-Speed Digital Design and High-Speed Signal Propagation together comprise agood reference set for persons working with high-speed digital technology.
Those of you familiar with my other books will recognize similarities in style.Notably, I've tried to impart, as best I can, the same sense of realism born of longexperience.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Literally thousands of people have taken the time to communicate with me about high-speedissues, either through email or in person at my seminars. These conversations have inspiredme to investigate and collect together the material in this book. To all of you, I owe a debt ofgratitude.
The following people contributed specific comments or questions that are discussed inthe text (in alphabetical order): Sal Aguinaga, James C. Bach, Eric V. Berger, RaymondBullington, Doug Butler, Tim Canales, Bruce Carsten, Code Cubitt, Dave Cuthbert, BillDaskalakis, Martin Graham, Paul Greene, Gary Griffin, Bob Haller, John Lehew, John Lin,Raymond P. Meixner, Craig Miller, Mitch Morey, Dan Nitzan, Bhavesh Patel, Dipak Patel,Jim Rautio, Ravi, Boris Shusterman, Kevin Slattery, Bob Stroupe, Bill Stutz (twice), andFabrizio Zanella. Thanks to all of you for many hours of good correspondence.
I especially thank those who volunteered for the difficult task of reviewing the text.This group of intrepid individuals spotted numerous errors and suggested many new topicsfor exploration. They deserve a large measure of credit for helping make this a more usefultext (in alphabetical order): Jacob Ben Ary at Aquanet, Greg Dermer at Easystreet, SteveEms at Lecroy, Alexandre Guterman at Nortel, Valery Kugel at Juniper, Professor WillMoore at Oxford University, Jose Moreira at Agilent, Gopa Parameswaran at Cisco, BobRoss at Mentor Graphics, Bert Simonovich at Nortel, Palani Subbiah at Cypress, and GeoffThompson at Nortel.
My editors at Prentice-Hall, Bernard Goodwin, Nicholas Radhuber, and Carol J.Lallier, have contributed their professional expertise (and patience) during the long processrequired to complete this project.
Without my dutiful and highly accurate assistant Jennifer Epps this book would nothave been possible.
All the articles adapted for publication in this book are reprinted with permission fromEDN magazine, a publication of Reed Business Information, Electronic Design Magazine, adivision of Penton Media, Inc., or PC Design Magazine, a publication of UP Media Group,Inc., as noted in the header of each article, respectively.
Bob Ross, Mentor Graphics Corp., past chair of the EIA IBIS Open Forum, wrote afine discussion about the future of IBIS modeling for Chapter 13. Bruce Archambeaultcontributed the article in Chapter 12 about reducing emissions, which I only edited. BradCole and Matt Hudale of Ansoft simulated the capacitance of many via configurations forChapter 5. To Gopa Parameswaran at Cisco, thanks for your simulations of via capacitance,although your data did not appear in the final version of the book. Steve Ems and RobertTalambiras of Lecroy piqued my interest in non-TEM modes of propagation during a visit tomy ranch in October of 2000. Roger Billings of Wideband Corporation deserves mention asthe world record-holder for fastest data conveyed across barbed-wire cabling (Chapter 2).Jeff Sonntag at Accelerant Networks was the first to focus my attention on howbackplane performance changes with temperature (Chapter 5). Thanks also to Jim Tavacoliat Accelerant for sending the cool pictures showing adaptive equalization at work inChapter 3.
The discussions I have been privileged to hold with Michael King, Ed Sayre, andDoug Smith have been of enormous value to me. Thank you for your friendship.My technical mentor Dr. Martin Graham of U.C. Berkeley has contributed hisenduring support, encouragement, and technical assistance over the past twenty years, aswell as having been the first to direct my attention toward the general features oftransmission line attenuation and how it varies with frequency. Thank you, Martin.
To my wonderful and understanding wife Liz, thank you for taking care of all thedetails of my life so that I could have time to write a book like this.
Regardless of the assistance of others, any remaining errors are entirely mine.
Information contained in this work has been obtained by Prentice Hallfrom sources believed to be reliable. However, neither Prentice Hall norits author guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein and neither Prentice Hall nor its authors shall beresponsible for any errors, omission, or damages arising out of thisinformation.
NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS
This book uses metric units, except for some common printed-circuit board dimensions,which are denoted in English units. Variables and general function names appear in italics.Constants, enumerators, and specific well-known functions appear in ordinary type (e.g.,f(x) = 1 + sin x). Matrix and vector-field quantities occur in boldface type.
CONTACTING THE AUTHOR
Should you spot something out of place in the text, or merely wish to discuss the finer pointsof transmission-line theory, I may be reached at my ranch high in the mountains near thetown of Twisp, Washington: howiej@sigcon.com.
A great place to keep up with the latest developments in high-speed signaling is myweb site, www.sigcon.com. At that site I maintain a growing collection of articles abouthigh-speed digital phenomena, and information about my schedule of public seminars. Ifyou would like to read even more about signal integrity issues, sign up to receive mynewsletter. An errata page for this book is located on the site.
Howard Johnson, PhD, is the author of High-Speed Digital Design: AHandbook of Black Magic, Prentice-Hall, 1993, Fast Ethernet: Dawn of aNew Network, Prentice-Hall, 1996, and the Signal Integrity columnist forEDN magazine. He frequently conducts technical workshops for digitalengineers at Oxford University and other sites worldwide.
Most helpful customer reviews
67 of 67 people found the following review helpful.
Great subject material, unevenly covered
By Ozdal Barkan
I had mixed feelings reading this book. Some sections were so good I was saying, "Bravo, well done" while other sections were so bad, I felt sorry for anyone trying to learn by reading them. (E.g. Ch4 on frequency domain modeling.) The book covers extremely useful material, but in an uneven way. It will especially appeal to readers who want simplified discussions of the ideas rather than deeper more theoretical discussions. For example, crosstalk --one of the most important topics, is covered in a very light manner, recommending use of simulators to obtain accurate results. Compare this with the coverage of the same subject in the remarkable book "Electromagnetic Compatibility" by Clayton Paul. Now, that book is "advanced" and "magical". This book doesn't get into any deep discussions of the fundamentals. It says that current flows in a loop, and inductance is related to loop area. Simple enough. Yet, how do we explain the inductance of the pin of an IC package, which is definitely not a loop? How is the energy-based definition of inductance used by simulators related to this simple definition? Even more fundamental, given that voltage can't be defined in a region where the magnetic field is changing, how come we can use the concept of voltage? (Read Paul Clayton for discussing all these concepts in great detail.)
Many previous articles are included in the book. Although some of them are entertaining (e.g. the pot hole story) most are just disturbances, and even worse, outdated and contradictory to authors later approach. For example, Dr. Johnson spends 3 pages! discussing how close a termination has to be, and drives an equation for the amount of reflection when the ideal termination is slightly away from the source. Later in a witty article the author declares that there is no more any excuse for not using simulation tools. He says "If you have to ask, simulate it." Definitely anybody who is wondering if their termination is close enough can download a free demo copy of PSpice and simulate this quickly and accurately.Nobody is going to use the equation the author drived and there is no new insight or theory developed either.
The author being the editor of the IEEE Ethernet specs, it is quite surprising how many sloppy mistakes there are. (KHz, kHz, Ghz, HZ,Hertz, hertz, pS, ps, ohm, Ohm, V, v, ; with and without spaces after the value are used with no consistency, "it's" is confused for "its" in more than one place, wrong equation numbers, irregular figures, mixed fonts and fonts sizes within the same equation, etc. are common occurrence.)
Despite its problems, this book will be a very useful reference book to people working in the field. Many sections have excellent detailed discussions. For example, performance regions of the transmission line breaking it into lumped, RC, LC, skin effect, dielectric loss, and waveguide dispersion regions is the most comprehensive I have seen. A useful book to add to one's library, but not a book lover's delight.
4 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
A must have reference for ALL digital design engineers
By Scott Gemmell
After ploughing through this book, I found it to be a treasure trove of useful information. It's well layed out, and well explained. As with their first "black magic text", it's full of helpful hints, guides, and rule'o'thumbs that will get you up to speed quickly so you can apply them and get expected results from your design. Well done Mr Johnson and Mr Graham, another excellent reference!
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent Signal Integrity Source
By muso steve
Very good content and still relevant even being published so many years ago. I recommend this highly for any EEs working in the Signal Integrity arena.
Note that this is not just a re-hash of the original, but the first chapter does review some of Johnson's first 'Black Magic' book. Both of the 'Black Magic' books are excellent references.
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